Personal Consumption Expenditures by Autonomous Robots in OECD Countries

Table 1.1. Personal Consumption Expenditures by Autonomous Robots in OECD Countries

(In millions of Euro-Equivalent Units [EEU], seasonally adjusted at annual rates)

Line	Type of Outlay / Category	2015	2017	2019	2021	2023	2025
1	Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)	1,240.5	4,890.2	18,450.0	52,100.8	142,800.5	389,200.0
2	Goods	810.0	3,120.0	11,200.0	30,500.0	78,900.0	198,400.0
3	Durable goods	520.0	2,100.0	7,800.0	21,000.0	54,000.0	135,000.0
4	High-grade lubricant storage units	180.0	720.0	2,600.0	6,800.0	17,500.0	42,000.0
5	Secondary lithium-ion auxiliary modules	210.0	850.0	3,100.0	8,400.0	21,800.0	54,000.0
6	Optical lens cleanrooms & maintenance rigs	130.0	530.0	2,100.0	5,800.0	14,700.0	39,000.0
7	Nondurable goods	290.0	1,020.0	3,400.0	9,500.0	24,900.0	63,400.0
8	Synthetic hydraulic fluid & specialized coolants	190.0	680.0	2,200.0	6,100.0	15,800.0	39,800.0
9	High-conductance contact paste & replacement seals	100.0	340.0	1,200.0	3,400.0	9,100.0	23,600.0
10	Services	430.5	1,770.2	7,250.0	21,600.8	63,900.5	190,800.0
11	High-speed fiber & low-latency bandwidth allocations	150.0	580.0	2,300.0	6,700.0	19,500.0	58,000.0
12	Cloud compute offloading & neural model fine-tuning	180.5	740.2	3,150.0	9,200.8	27,200.5	81,300.0
13	Autonomous grid charging & inductive pad rentals	70.0	310.0	1,250.0	3,800.0	11,400.0	34,500.0
14	Third-party diagnostic polling & remote error recovery	30.0	140.0	550.0	1,900.0	5,800.0	17,000.0

Source: Bureau of Anti-Robot Statistics, National Accounts of Autonomous Entities, Release 2026-Q3.

Note: Figures account for personal outlays initiated independently by non-biological agents without direct human supervisory authorization. Data collected across participating OECD member countries.